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Financial math has as its foundation many basic financial formulas related to the time value of money.  In addition, particulars related to certain financial instruments (bonds for example) are calculated using derivatives of these basic formulas.  Other formulas used in financial math are related to probability, randomness and statistical analysis.

The financial equations below are helpful as they are. However, using the financial formulas provided here, one may also generalize and calculate answers for even more complex financial problems.

Symbols and Variables in Financial Formulas

One important key to understanding formulas for financial math is knowledge of what financial symbols and variables represent. The chart of symbols (located at the right) offers an explanation of the financial variables used in the formulas provided below.

Calculate the Number of Payments

Convert Interest Rate Compounding Bases

Calculate Sinking Fund

Future Value Formulas

Calculate the Future Value of a Single Sum

Calculate the Future Value with Compounding

Calculate the Future Value of a Cash Flow Series

Calculate the Future Value of an Annuity

Calculate the Future Value of an Annuity Due

Calculate the Future Value of an Annuity with Compounding

Present Value Formulas

Calculate the Present Value of a Single Sum

Calculate the Present Value with Compounding

Calculate the Present Value of a Cash Flow Series

Calculate the Present Value of an Annuity with Continuous Compounding

Calculate the Net Present Value of a Cash Flow Series

Cash Flow Series Calculations

Calculate the Present Worth Cost of a Cash Flow Series

Calculate the Present Worth Revenue of a Cash Flow Series

Software for Creating Financial Formulas

The formulas displayed on this page were all created using MathCast, the open source equation editor, by Tom Chekam